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The Internet in Brazil was launched in 1988. In 2011 Brazil ranked fifth in the world with nearly 89 million Internet users, 45% of the population.〔(Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2011 ), International Telecommunication Union, accessed on 19 August 2012.〕 In 2010 Brazil ranked 9th in the world with 13,266,310 fixed broadband subscriptions, 6.8 per 100 residents.〔(Fixed broadband subscriptions ), International Telecommunication Union. Accessed on 8 April 2012.〕 ==History== In 1988 the ''National Research Network'' (RNP), was formed by the academic communities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.〔("Introdução à Internet" (Introduction to the Internet) ), HOTlink Informática Ltda., accessed 25 September 2012. ((English translation ))〕 Since its beginnings, including its introduction to the general public in 1995, the Brazilian Internet depended strongly on efforts led by the Federal Government through the Ministry of Communications, the state-owned communications company Embratel and its holding, Telebras.〔(''A Trajetória da Internet no Brasil: do surgimento das redes de computadores à instituição dos mecanismos de governança'' (The Trajectory of the Internet in Brazil: The emergence of computer networks for government institutions) ), Marcelo Sávio Revoredo Menezes de Carvalho, Masters dissertation, Coppe/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, September 2006.〕 This changed in 1998, as a result of the privatization of Telebras, and the blossoming of private companies, such as ''Telefónica'', ''Telemar'' and ''Brasil Telecom''. With the surge of competition for customers, coupled with government-imposed requirements, came improvements in cost, quality, and availability of the Internet to Brazilians. ADSL was successful in Brazil during beta testing and became popular in 2000, being offered by Telefónica (Speedy), Brasil Telecom (Turbo), NET (Virtua), and Telemar (Velox) with typical speeds of around 256 kbit/s down and 128 kbit/s up. Speeds are now between 15 and 1 Mbit/s down and up and 35 and 3 Mbit/s down and up, but speeds over 50 and 5 Mbit/s down and up and 100 and 20 Mbit/s down and up are becoming more common as prices fall and new ISPs such as Global Village Telecom invest in VDSL2 and FTTH in the larger cities. Broadband access is split between ADSL, cable modem, satellite, VDSL, VDSL2, FTTH, and 'radio Internet' (a CDMA2000 1xEV-DO hardware solution), with the first WiFi services appearing in 2004. During the first decade of the 21st century, limited availability of high-speed Internet in Brazil was a major problem, especially in rural regions. Accordingly, the Brazilian government pressured providers to broaden supply in outlying areas.〔("Governo prepara plano nacional para banda larga" (Government prepares national plan for broadband) ), Julio Wiziack, ''Folha de S.Paulo'', 28 August 2009. ((English translation ))〕 Wireless LAN ISPs are becoming more common in the interior of the country. In large cities some WiFi hotspots are also available. By November 2005, some cable companies were offering 2, 4, and 8 Mbit/s access for the same price as 512 kbit/s ADSL connections. In April 2008 the Broadband in Schools program was launched to benefit 37 million students by bringing high speed Internet access to 64,879 urban public schools by the end of 2010.〔("Broadband internet will soon be installed in all urban public schools" ), Jorge Wamburg, English translation by Allen Bennett, ''Agencia Brasil'', 6 April 2010〕 In 2009 a lack of sufficient infrastructure for the Telefônica (Speedy) ISP led to periodic service failures in some areas. Sales were suspended by the Brazilian Agency of Telecommunications (ANATEL) until a process of major infrastructure expansion and rejuvenation is completed. In 2010, broadband Internet access was available in 88% of Brazilian cities, surpassing all expectations for its expansion.〔("Banda larga chega a 88% dos municípios no Brasil, diz Anatel" (Broadband reaches 88% of municipalities in Brazil, Anatel says) ), ''Folha de S.Paulo'', 13 January 2010〕 By 2016, it is expected that the Internet will have 57% of penetration in Brazil. 〔http://thenextweb.com/la/2012/03/14/forrester-urban-consumers-in-brazil-and-mexico-spend-more-time-online-than-watching-tv/〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Internet in Brazil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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